Yasalar ve Kamu Yönetiminin Politikaları Üzerinden Türkiye’de Gecekondu Sorunu

Abstract

Gecekondu is one of the main urban problems for public administration for a long time. It has been perceived as a problem not only because it has caused an uncontrolled physical development of the cities but also its citizens could not developed urban dwellers values and attitudes. Public administration attemped to bring a solution to the gecekondu problem in local scale at the beginning. However its attitude towards gecekondu settlements changed from legitimation to exclusion during the time. So the relationship between the public institutions and gecekondu settlements turned to be fragile and complex. The changing attitude of the state towards gecekondu areas became appearent in gecekondu amendment laws and how its discoursa has changed in these laws. The official discourse has become more exclusionary towards gecekondu Public administration’s approach to the gecekondu problem can be analysed during the following three eras. The first era starts in the 1940s and finishes in the 1980s. 775 code Gecekondu Law reflects the public administrations’s approach to gecekondu during this era. The second era is between the beginning of the 1980s and the mid 1990s. State put 2981 code law into force in this era. This law legalized the gecekondu settlements. The state’s discourse changed to a forgiven one. However this discourse has once again changed during the last era which covers from the 1990s to date. The current discourse on the one hand implies the necessity of developing cities according to the expectations of golobal capital, on the other hand perceives the gecekondu as a tumor and the people who line in gecekondu areas as a social threat.Urban regeneration projects, which emerge as a result and also sign of the changing attitude of the state about gecekondu areas, are proposed to ‘solve’ the gecekondu problem. However these projects is far away from solving the problem. On the contrary they have a great potantial in terms of creating deeper social segregation and social exclusion problems which the state is going to face.