The effect of foot reflexology on procedural pain before heel lancing in neonates

Abstract

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effect of foot reflexology on alleviating term neonates’ invasive pain caused by heel lance. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 60 healthy neonates were recruited and divided into a reflexology group (n = 30) and a control (n = 30) group. The study design was quasi-experimental since the randomisation method was not used in the assignment of newborns to the groups. While the reflexology group received foot reflexology for an average of 20 min before heel lance, the control group received no intervention. The elicited data were analysed using descriptive statistics and independent t-test. Results: The reflexology and the control groups were similar in terms of age, gestational week, Apgar score, weight, height, and sex (P > 0.05). The Neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS) scores of the newborns in the reflexology group after the heel lance procedure were found to be significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). It was also found that reflexology had a significant effect on the neonates’ heart rate before heel lance (P < 0.05) and a borderline effect during heel lance. Moreover, it was observed that the application of foot reflexology shortened the experimental-group neonates’ crying periods after the procedural pain (P < 0.05). However, reflexology had no statistically significant effect on the duration of heel lance in both groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The application of foot reflexology before invasive procedures, such as heel lance in newborns, is an effective non-pharmacological method for reducing invasive pain. Thus, reflexology could be used to reduce neonates’ pain and soothe them during painful procedures such as heel lance.