Evaluation of Anti-Cytotoxicity and Anti-Genotoxicity of Raphanus sativus L. Tuber on Allium cepa L. Root Tips

Abstract

Abstract: Raphanus sativus (radish) tuber extracts stock solutions were prepared by dissolving radish extracts prepared with certain solvents (distilled water, ethanol and methanol) in dimethyl sulfoxide. Negative control (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO), positive control mutagen (ethyl methanesulfonate) and R. sativus extracts (10 and 20 mg/mL doses) were applied to Allium cepa root tips at for 24 and 48 h. For examination under the light microscope, the root tips were placed in fixative, then hydrolyzed and treated with acetocarmine. Chromosomal aberration index (CAI%) was increased as compared with the negative control, but decreased as compared with the positive control after the application of three different extracts. It was put forward that mitotix index decreased with increasing extract concentration applications. In this way, it has been determined that these extracts have an inhibitory effect on cell division at high doses. It has been found that CAI% was an increase with increasing extract concentration. It has been revealed that distilled water, ethanol and methanol extracts have more inhibitory effect on cell division and an increasing frequency of chromosomal anomalies, respectively. As a result of this research, R. sativus tuber might cause damage to cells genetic material and spindle formation when used incorrectly.